Epistemic Luck

Peirce's Scientific Metaphysics: The Philosophy of Chance, Law, & Evolution by Andrew Reynolds,

Peirce's Scientific Metaphysics is the first book devoted to understanding Charles Sanders Peirce's (1839-1914) metaphysics from the perspective of the scientific questions that motivated his thinking. Deftly situating Peirce's often original philosophy and pathbreaking ideas within their appropriate historical philosophy and scientific contexts, Reynolds traces his reliance upon the law of large numbers, which illustrated for Peirce the emergence of a stable order philosophy and regularity from a multitude of chance events, throughout his writings on late nineteenth-century physics, chemistry, biology, psychology, philosophy and cosmology. Along the way, Peirce's vision of an indeterministic philosophy and evolutionary cosmology is contrasted with the thought of other important late nineteenth-century scientists philosophy and philosophers, such as James Clerk Maxwell, Ludwig Boltzmann, William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), Herbert Spencer, Charles Darwin, philosophy and Ernst Haeckel. While offering a detailed account of the scientific ideas philosophy and theories essential for understanding Peirce's metaphysical system (e.g., the irreversibility of time philosophy and the reversibility of physical laws, the statistical law of large numbers), this book is written in a manner accessible to the non-specialist. This will make it especially attractive to students of Peirce's philosophy who lack familiarity with the scientific philosophy and mathematical ideas that are so central to his thought. Those with an interest in the history philosophy and philosophy of science, especially concerning the application of statistical philosophy and probabilistic thinking to physics, chemistry, biology, psychology, philosophy and cosmology, will find this discussion of Peirce's philosophy invaluable.
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Chi-square test - A chi-square test is any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic has a chi-square distribution when the null hypothesis is true, or any in which the probability distribution of the test statistic (assuming the null hypothesis is true) can be made to approximate a chi-square distribution as closely as desired by making the sample size large enough.

Quantum evolution (alternative) - Quantum evolution is the hypothesis that genetic mutation is adaptive, or directed through quantum effects.

P-value - In statistical hypothesis testing, the p-value of an observed value tobserved of some random variable T used as a test statistic is the probability that, given that the null hypothesis is true, T will assume a value as or more unfavorable to the null hypothesis as the observed value tobserved. "More unfavorable to the null hypothesis" can in some cases mean greater than, in some cases less than, and in ...

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epistemicluck

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